a. ㉠ Detailed Content of the 3rd Law

㉠ Detailed Content of the 3rd Law

 

The 3rd law focuses on the "temporal change" of political phenomena, with a focus on political change. The detailed content is as follows.

 

[Tab.3.31] Detailed Content of the 3rd law of Political Phenomena

3rd law	Detailed Content
㉠ Basic content	The power structure (political regime) changes over time according to the demands of its constituents.
㉡ Detailed contents	① action: Regime change force	The regime change force must increase for the cooperative relationship (political regime) to change.
	② repulsion: Repression force	If the regime change cost and repression force are sufficiently large, the current cooperative relationship (political regime) is maintained.

 

The most fundamental structure of this 3rd law can be understood as the opposition between the regime change force and resistence force.

 

         [Ch.3.302] Every political regime shifts to a new political regime when its regime change force exceeds the its resistance force (the sum of regime change cost and repression force). This is called political change.

 

Let me think about the meaning of this proposition using an example. One example is the case of the changes made to the land lease contract in England after the Black Death in the 14th century. In this case, ㉠ the political regime(rule system) that we are interested in is the land lease contract rule system that includes the sharecropping fee.

 

The reason why the land lease contract(rule) that included the sharecropping fee changed was due to the decrease in population caused by the Black Death. The Black Death, which struck Europe in the 14th century, killed one-third of the European population, causing significant economic changes. Due to the shortage of labor, landlords had difficulty finding laborers to work on the land, and the temperament of laborers became rough and rebellious. As a result, favorable lease contracts for sharecroppers were concluded. Some nobles exempted sharecroppers from the sharecropping fee because they were afraid that the sharecroppers would leave, and sometimes sold farmland at a low price to farmers. This is what the basic content of [Tab.3.31] means, which is that the political regime changes according to the regime change force. This is similar to the case of PKB friends where the cooperative relationship changes when the threat of wolves is gone and they face hunger.

 

The reasons for political change consist of two layers: first, changes in social reality and second, demands of members. Changes in social reality correspond to the alteration of the "㉡ profit equilibrium condition," which refers to the fact that after the Black Death, the population decreased, and the conditions of people's understanding changed. On the other hand, demands of members correspond to "㉢ regime change force," which signifies that the tenant farmers desired more rent, and the nobles needed the tenant farmers even in such circumstances.

 

When the leasing practices changed, the landlords and the parliament tried to suppress such changes through rules and laws. This is ㉤the repression force. The landlords in the manorial system attempted to maintain and even enhance the traditional agricultural practice of corvée labor by creating the Statute of Laboureres to mobilize labor for direct cultivation. Although the Statute of Labourers was maintained for two centuries, it was not upheld, and the parliament complained that this law was not being complied with. Employers and employees found ways to cunningly circumvent the law. The reason why the repression force could not prevent the changes was that ㉢the regime change force was too great and continuous. The "action" in the details of [Tab.3.31] means that "the regime change force must increase for the cooperative relationship (political regime) to change."

 

In the end, if the practices of lease contracts change, new laws and customs must be created to support them. This involves additional discomfort and incidental costs. Even when friends who were centered around Peter move to be centered around Kevin, there is unfamiliarity and mistakes that arise, which represents the cost of changing the rules. Similarly, the fear and reluctance of 14th century England's economic changes can be seen in the writing of John Gower, who lamented that laborers who were once unable to eat fine bread are now striving to eat better food than the landlords. This is part of the cost of regime change in the 14th century English economy, and the cost of amending the law, promulgating new laws, and communicating them is also included. This entire process is referred to as ㉣regime change cost.

 

The 3rd law fundamentally understands political change as a relationship between action and repulsion. When factors that seek to change the political regime are present, there is a corresponding repulsion^[Ch.1.11]. Ultimately, the law of force^[Ch.1.10] determines the outcome. In 14th century England, the regime change force was generally greater than the sum of the regime change cost and repression force, meaning that the regime change force was stronger than resistance force. Thus, in the years following the Black Death, agricultural wages increased by 50% for men and 100% for women, but by 1350, landowners' profits had decreased from 20% of land value in 1332 to only 4-5%.