b. ㉠ Phenomena Implied by the 2nd Law

b. Explanation of the Meaning of the 2nd Law

Let me examine what the 2nd law implies through examples.

 

㉠ Phenomena Implied by the 2nd Law

First, if the security force(g) of a political organization becomes stronger than a political crisis due to some cause, the organization(g) will grow and expand politically^[Ch.3.210]. An increase in security force means an increase in the survival ability of the political organization, and according to the law of force, a strong entity will always plunder the benefits of a weak entity, whether it is an individual or a political organization.

Ancient Athens, like Sparta, established allied and tributary cities far away and became a powerful trading empire by increasing cohesion. Through such a robust alliance system, Athens gained dominance in its continuing wars with Persia, including the Battle of Salamis and the Battle of Plataea. In Korea, during the early Joseon Dynasty, the country grew politically by increasing its security force through the creation of a fortress- based political system and developing a system of four armies and six garrisons. In modern times, Germany, known as "Prussia" at the time, rapidly grew by increasing its security force during the era of Bismarck, who emphasized the importance of armament rather than Prussian liberalism. Prussian policy led the victories in the Prusso-Danish War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War. From 1884 to 1885, Prussia expanded by building colonies in Southwest Africa, East Africa, Togo, Cameroon, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, and Marshall Islands.

Second, as a political organization expands through political success, the cohesion force among political members weakens^[Ch.3.211]. By 448 BCE, Athens had completely defeated the Persian army, thus eliminating the external invasion threat, but had to face internal division instead. Similarly, the Islamic Empire, which expanded through successful conquest wars and integrated various regions, experienced class conflict between the Arab conquerors and the subjugated non-Arab residents. In the Frankish kingdom during the time of King Clovis I in the Middle Ages, after a significant expansion, Clovis's four sons inherited the kingdom and often fought against each other. After building a great empire from East Asia to Europe through successive conquest wars, the Mongol Empire was divided into several countries. Similarly, when stability was established in early Joseon Korea, the ruling class of scholars became divided into Namin and Bukin factions due to conflicts between No-ron and So-ron, resulting in internal strife.

In the more micro-level domain, in the post-liberation period of 1945, the Korean government was established through the "Preparatory Committee for Korean Independence" (hereafter referred to as "Preparatory Committee"), but as the structure and influence of the Preparatory Committee grew, the relationships between factions were exposed, leading to internal conflicts over leadership. For example, there was competition between the left and right factions over the issue of hosting a nationwide maintenance conference, and ultimately, Vice Chairman Ahn Jae-hong resigned due to the conflict.

Third, when cohesion force weakens, the security force of a political organization(g) is reduced, leading to a political crisis and balance^[Ch.3.212]. If they become too intoxicated by a happy civilization, there is a risk that citizens will forget that their freedom is the price of their military efforts. Mencius also said, "Any country that has no external enemies or wars always collapses." This refers to the ruin of a situation where the security force is reduced due to the lack of a political crisis, which is inertially maintained.

Fourth, if the political crisis is greater than the security force due to some cause, the political power of the political organization weakens and survival becomes more difficult^[Ch.3.213].  The divided Joseon government, unable to unify the nation during the national period and properly prepare for the Japanese invasion, was pushed to the brink of collapse by the Imjin War. At this stage, ideological diversity( \( [Iv] \) ) increases, and the national divide deepens due to political factions or a lack of preparedness for crisis, resulting in low armament levels and reduced security force, which is a common aspect. If the political crisis of the political organization becomes greater than the security force, the organization's profits are diminished^[Ch.3.206].    During the Imjin War, the king of Joseon fled to the north, many of his people were sacrificed in slaughter, and farmland was destroyed, resulting in a smaller and less profitable political organization. If the situation had been prolonged and the Japanese had not retreated, the territory would have shrunk. When Japan, which had become more powerful after the Meiji Restoration, invaded Joseon again, Joseon's security force(  \( D \) ) was not able to sufficiently deter the external threat(  \( \vec{R_{SK}} \)  ). Ultimately, the political organization of Joseon was robbed of all its benefits. If internal resistance is weaker than external threats, the political organization becomes smaller or disappears.

Fifth, if the ideological diversity of a political organization(g) increases or the invasion threat grows, then (since the distance between the nodes inside the circle decreases) the cohesion force increases, and the thickness of the solid line within the dotted line (since the length of the solid line also decreases) becomes thicker. When the factional conflict was severe in Joseon, King Yeongjo implemented the policy of equalizing the factions, and during the Imjin War, the factional conflict decreased (at least temporarily), and the patriotic Joseon people rebelled against the invaders. In the 1730s, when conflicts arose between white people and the Cherokee tribe in the southeastern United States, the Cherokee tribal societies, who had been at odds until then, gradually united to form a single federation after facing the risk of destruction due to the military actions of the white people. In the face of crisis caused by the expansion of NATO into Eastern Europe, the Russian Duma (parliament) demonstrated its cohesion force by almost unanimously agreeing with the decision in March 1997, and in Korea, the political parties showed a tendency to unite regardless of party lines in times of crisis. These are all examples of how the cohesion force increases when the invasion threat grows.

Sixth, when cohesion force increases, security force also increases, and this achieves a balance with political crises. However, if security force fails to increase and achieve balance, the organization collapses. One example of this is when Cyrus, who founded the Persian Empire, attacked the Babylonian capital of Babylon in 539 BC. At that time, the priests, who were fiercely disputing with the Babylonian king, opened the city gates for Cyrus' army. The security force was consistently weaker than the political crisis, and as a result, the Babylonian regime collapsed^[Ch.3.215].